Makalah Vital Sign [PDF]

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MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS “MONITORING VITAL SIGN”



Disusun Oleh : 1.Defina 2.Maya Fujiyanti 3.Rismayanti Widianingsih



PROGRAM STUDI D3 KEPERAWATAN POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU INDRAMAYU



PREFACE Thank God I'm turning to the presence of Almighty God, because only for His grace and guidance I can finish writing the paper in the form of a paper entitled tenses. The source of this paper in the form of grammar books are added to the information obtained from browsing on the Internet reference books and sources, other sources. Among the sources I collated in accordance with this paper, so I think the data in this paper is quite accurate. In this paper surely there are many obstacles that I meet yet I managed to confront and resolve this paper on time. Finally, if there is something in particular words that are not pleasing to the reader's heart please excuse him. We hope this paper can be useful to readers



Indramayu,Maret,5,2021 Author



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TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER.....................................................................................................................i TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................ii FOREWORD..........................................................................................................iii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Beaground.............................................................................................1 1.2 Problem Formulation.............................................................................1 1.3 Objective...............................................................................................1 CHAPTER II DISCUSSION 2.1 Normal Vital Sign.................................................................................2 2.2 Procedure checking vital sing.............................................................13 CHAPTER III CLOSING 3.1 Conclution...........................................................................................17 3.2 Advice.................................................................................................17 REFERENCE



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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1



Issue Background



OBSERVATIONS Temperature, Pulse, Respiration and Blood Pressure Temperature, pulse, respirations and blood pressure are the vital signs which indicate the body's ability to regulate body temperature, maintain blood flow, and oxygenate body tissues. Vital signs indicate patients' responses to the physical, environmental, and psychological stressors. Vital signs may also reveal sudden changes in a patient's condition (NICE 2007). A change in one vital sign can directly lead to a detection of a change in another vital sign. As a first year student l was allocated a new post-operative patient from the theatres to the orthopaedic ward by my mentor and to record patients' observations. The British journal of Nursing (2006) states that patient's vital signs need to be measured and recorded upon arrival to a health care facility as well as on admission to the ward. I also had the opportunity to do baseline observations. According to the Emergency Medical Service, 2006, p194, the baseline observation is used to identify the patient's condition, such as the improvement, stability or deterioration. Monitoring of vital signs is an essential component of caring for all of patients at RPAH in order to assess treatment effects, detect procedural complications and identify early signs of clinical deterioration. At all times staff should use their clinical judgement regarding the frequency of observations and adjust where necessary. For example, unstable patients may need continual observation and frequent monitoring of vital signs until they are reviewed and stabilised. If in doubt, nursing staff should consult more senior staff immediately or activate the Clinical Emergency/Cardiac Arrest system so that timely care can be delivered. Therefore the key risk addressed by this policy is to prevent a Serious Adverse Event (cardiac arrest, unexpected death or an unplanned admission to a critical care unit) by detecting physiological disturbances and initiating treatment in a timely and effective manner. 1.2



Problem Formulation 1. what is a vital sign 2. Normal vital sign 3. procedure for checking vital signs



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The aims / expected outcome



The 4 main aims of effective patient observation are : 1. Monitoring of physiological variables to evaluate treatment effects. 2. To maintain thorough assesment of inpatients within a tertiary referral hospital 24 hours a day. 3. Early detection and treatment of post procedural/surgical complications 4. Early detection and treatment of the deteriorating patient 1



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CHAPTER II DISCUSSION 2.1 Normal Vital Sign Vital signs are used to measure the body's basic functions. These measurements are taken to help assess the general physical health of a person, give clues to possible diseases, and show progress toward recovery. The normal ranges for a person's vital signs vary with age, weight, gender, and overall health. There are four main vital signs: body temperature, blood pressure, pulse (heart rate), and breathing rate. Blood Pressure: Adults: defined with 2 measurements on 2 different dates at least 2 weeks apart Normal BP 100 mmHg Children: Birth (12 Hr,