PDF Makalah Peranan Ilmu Pengetahuan Dalam Kemajuan Bangsa Putri Syahrani Umar - Compress [PDF]

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]grdjdj Hnfu ]gjigtdoudj Cdndf Bgfdeudj Adjisd



CHPWPWJ KNGO5



 JDFD  JHF ]QKIQDF PSWCH/BGNDP



5 ]WSQH PXDOQDJH WFDQ  5 1=1==34=738 5 FDJDEGFGJ / @



LDBWNSDP GBKJKFH AHPJHP WJH\GQPHSDP FWODFFDCHXDO XKIXDBDQSD 1=1=/1=14



 



Bdtd ]gjidjtdr ]ueh syubur sdyd pdjedtbdj pdjedtbdj bgodchrdt Dnndo PYS ydji sgjdjthdsd sgjdjthdsd fgnhfpdobd fgnhfpdobdj j rdofdt rdofdt cdj rhcok-Jyd, sgohjiid sdyd cdpdt fgjygngsdhbdj pgjyusujdj fdbdndo fdtgrh fdtd bunhdo hnfu dndfhdo cdsdr  ydji  ydji agreucun " ]grdjdj Hnfu ]gjigtdoudj Cdj Sgbjknkih Cdndf Bgohcupdj". Fdbdndo Fdbdnd o hjh agrhsh urdhdj fgjigjdh fgjigjdh pgrbgfadji pgrbgfadjidj dj tgbjknkih tgbjknkih adih bgohcupdj bgohcupdj fdsydrdbdt fundh sgedrdo pgrbgfadjidj tgbjknkih hjlkrfdsh bkfujhbdsh, pkshthl cdj jgidthl jgidt hlcdrh dbhadt dbhad t pgrbgfadji pgrbg fadjidj dj tgbjknkih tgbjk nkih sdfpdh cgjidj cgjidcdj j fdjlddt fdjld dt tgbjknkih tgbjkcdfpdb nkih hjlkrfdsh cdj bkfujhbdsh cdndf bgohcupdj sgodrh-odrh. Sdb nupd, sdyd fgjiu`dpbdj tgrhfd bdsho bgpdcd Hau cksgj sgndbu pgfahfahji bdfh cdndf  pgfagndedrdj fdtd bunhdo hnfu dndfhdo cdsdr, euid bgpdcd sgfud tgfdj-tgfdj ydji tgndo fgfagrhbdj cubujidj bgpdcd sdyd cdndf fgjygngsdhbdj fdbdndo hjh. Odrdpdj tgrcdndf Odrdpdj tgrcdndf sdyd, sgfkid pgjyusujdj pgjyusujdj fdbdndo hjh ahsd agrfdjlddt agrfdjlddt adih bhtd sgfud sgrtd fgjedch tdfadodj hjlkrfdsh fgjigjdh " ]grdjdj Hnfu ]gjigtdoudj Cdj Sgbjknkih Cdndf Bgohcupdj " adih pdrd pgfad`d Pdyd fgjydc Pdyd fgjydcdrh drh ehbd ehbd cdndf cdndf fgjyus fgjyusuj uj fdbdnd fdbdndo o hjh fdsho fdsho eduo eduo cdrh cdrh bdtd bdtd sgfpur sgfpurjd. jd. Kngo Kngo bdrgjdd htu, cgjidj odth ydji tgraubd brhthb sgrtd sdrdj ydji bkjstrubthl bdrgj bkjstrubthl iujd bgsgfpurjddj bgsgfpurjddj fdbdndo hjh. Cgfhbhdj fdbdndo hjh bdfh susuj, dpdahnd dcd bdtd-bdtd ydji burdji agrbgjdj cdj adjydb adjydb tgrcdp tgrcdpdt dt bgburd bgburdji jidj, dj, sdyd sdyd fkokj fkokj fddl fddl ydji ydji sgagsdr sgagsdr-- agsdrj agsdrjyd. yd. Pgfkid Pgfkid  agrfdjlddt. Ddfhjj.



 



CDLSDQ HPH



BDSD ]GJIDJSDQ



h



CDLSDQ HPH



hh



ADA H ]GJCDOWNWDJ



4



D. A. @. C.



Ndtd Ndtdrr Agndb Agndbdj dji i Qufu Qufusdj sdj Fdsdn Fdsdndo do Sueu Sueudj dj Fdsdn Fdsdndo do Fdjlddt



4 4 4 4



ADA HH BDEHDJ ]WPSDBD



1



ADA HHH ]GFADODPDJ



7



D. ]gji ]gjigr grth thdj dj H]SG H]SGB B A. ]g ]grd rdjd jdj j H]SG H]SGB B d) ]grdjd ]grdjdj j Sgrodcd Sgrodcdp p Bgautuo Bgautuodj dj ]kbkb ]kbkb Fdjush Fdjushdd  a) ]grdjdj tgrodcdp ]gjcdydiujddj Pufagr Cdyd Cdyd Dndf `) ]grdjdj ]grdjdj Sgrodcd Sgrodcdp p bkfujhbdsh bkfujhbdsh cdj Srdjspkrtdsh Srdjspkrtdsh Bgohcupdj Bgohcupdj Fdjushd Fdjushd c) ]grdjd ]grdjdj j Sgrodcdp Sgrodcdp ]gjhji ]gjhjibdt bdtdj dj Bgsgodt Bgsgodtdj dj g) ]grdjd ]grdjdj j Hptgb Hptgb Cdndf Cdndf Nhji Nhjibuj bujidj idj @. Agradidh Fdsdndo Cdndf ]gfadjiujdj H]SGB ADA HHH ]GJWSW]



7 7 7 < 9 8 4=



44 41



D. Bgshfpundj A. Pdrdj



41 41



CDLSDQ ]WPSDBD



40



 



ADA H ]GJCDOWNWDJ



D.



Ndtdr Agndbdji ]grbgfadjidj sgedrdo fdjushd sgndnu chwdrjdh kngo pgrbgfadjidj hnfu pgjigtdoudj



cdj tgbjknkih ydji fgnhjibuphjyd. Odn hjh tgjtujyd agradjchji nurus cgjidj updyd fdjushd cdndf fgfgjuoh bgautuodj ohcupjyd sgodrh-odrh. Pgedndj cgjidj htundo, tgbjknkih puj ndohr  sgadidh sdrdjd ujtub fgfgjuoh bgautuodj. Dtds cdsdr brgdthlhtds dbdnjyd, fdjushd fgjigfadjibdj H]SGB cdndf rdjibd ujtub  fgjikndo fgji kndo PCD ydji chagrhbdj chagrhbdj kngo Suodj Xdji Fdod Gsd. Chfdjd Chfdjd cdndf pgjigfadjid pgjigfadjidj j H]SGB odrus chcdsdrbdj tgrodcdp fkrdn cdj bgfdjushddj bgfdjushddj ydji dchn cdj agrdcda, didr cdndf  pgjgrdpdjjyd tgbjknkih fgfadwd fdjlddt adih bgohcupdj fdjushd. Jdfuj, agradjchji tgradnhb cgjidj rgdnhtd ydji dcd bdrgjd sgfdbhj `djiiho pgrbgfadjidj tgbjknkih, tgndo fgfaudt fdsydrdbdt fgjedch fdnds ydji chsgadabdj kngo bgfucdodj-bgfucdodj ydji dcd tgrsgaut.



A.



Q ufusdj ufusdj Fdsdndo



4.



Dpd ydji chfdbsuc cgjidj hnfu pgjigtdoudj



1.



Dpd sded pgrdjdj hnfu pgjigtdoudj cdndf bgfdeudj adjisd ;



@.



Sueudj Fdsdndo



4.



Fgjigtdouh pgjigrthdj hnfu pgjigtdoudj.



1.



Fgjigtdouh pgrdjdj hnfu pgjigtdoudj cdndf bgfdeudj adjisd



C.



Fdjlddt



4.



Bhtd cdpdt fgjigtdouh pgjigrthdj hnfu pgjigtdoudj.



1.



Bhtd cdpdt fgfdodfh pgrdjdj hnfu pgjigtdoudj cdndf bgfdeudj adjisd.



 



ADA 1 BDEHDJ ]WPSDBD



Bdtdd „hn Bdt „hnfu‖ fu‖ fgrupd fgrupdbdj bdj tgregf tgregfdod dodj j cdrh cdrh bdtd bdtd „s`hgj` „s`hgj`g‖, g‖, ydji ydji sg`drd sg`drd gth gthfkn fknkih kihss  agrdsdn cdrh bdtd ndthj „s`hrg‖, „s`hrg ‖, drthjyd „tk bjkw‖ ydji drthjyd agndedr. Cdndf pgjigrthdj ydji sgfpht s`hgj`g chdrthbdj ujtub fgjujeubbdj hnfu pgjigtdoudj dndf ydji shldtjyd budjthtdthl  cd cdj j ka kayg ygbt bthl hl.. Hnfu Hnfu pd pdcd cd pr prhj hjsh shpj pjyd yd fgru fgrupd pdbd bdj j us usdo dodd uj ujtu tub b fgji fgjikr krid idjh jhsds sdshb hbdj dj cd cdj j fgjshst fgj shstgfd gfdshb shbdj dj `kffkj `kffkj sgjsg, sgjsg, sudtu sudtu pgjigt pgjigtdou doudj dj ydji ydji agrdsdn agrdsdn cdrh cdrh pgjidn pgjidndfd dfdj j cdj  pgjidfdtdj cdndf bgohcupdj sgodrh-odrh, jdfuj chndjeutbdj cgjidj sudtu pgfhbhrdj sg`drd `grfdt cdj tgnhth cgjidj fgjiiujdbdj agradidh fgtkcg. (Ihg,1==35 ?9) Edch pdcd cdsdrjyd hnfu dcdndo sgaudo prksgs ydji agrshldt bkijhthl, agrtdnhdj cgjidj  prksgs fgjigtdouh cdj pgjigtdoudj. ]rksgs bkijhthl dcdndo sudtu rdjibdhdj dbthvhtds sgpgrth  pgjigjdndj, pgj`grdpdj, pgjibkjsgpshdj cdj pgjdndrdj ydji cgjidjjyd fdjushd cdpdt fgjigtdouh cdj fgfpgrkngo pgjigtdoudj tgjtdji sudtu odn. Sgbjknkih agrdsdn cdrh nhtgrdtur Xujdjh, ydhtu tg`ojknkihd, ydji chpgrkngo cdrh dsdn bdtd tg`ojg, agrfdbjd „wd`djd sgjh‖. Bgthbd hsthndo htu pgrtdfd bdnh chiujdbdj cdndf adodsd Hjiirhs ch dadc bgtueuo agnds, fdbjdjyd dcdndo pgfadodsdj shstgfdths dtds „sgjh tgrdpdj‖ dtdu pgrtubdjidj. Pgbdrdji sgadihdj agsdr cglhjhsh tgbjknkih (@dprd,1==35 4=9) fgjgbdjbdj ouaujidjjyd cgjidj sdhjs. Donh skshknkih Fdjugn @dstgnns sgpgrth chbuthp @dprd (1==35 4=9) fgjcglhjhsh fgjc glhjhshbdj bdj tgbjknkih tgbjknkih sgadidh „bufpundj „bufpundj dndt, dturdj cdj prksgcur prksgcur ydji fgrupdbdj  pgjgrdpdj pgjigtdoudj hnfhdo tgrodcdp sudtu pgbgreddj tgrtgjtu cdndf `drd ydji ). fgfujibhjbdj pgjiundjidj‖ (ottp5//dehcgchf.wkrcprgss.`kf (ottp5//dehcgchf.wkrcprgss.`kf). Sgbjkn Sgb jknkih kih,, fgjuru fgjurutt Cekyko Cekykodch dchbus busufk ufk (4883, (4883, 111) 111) agrbdh agrbdhtdj tdj grdt grdt cgjidj cgjidj sdhjs sdhjs (s`hgj`g) (s`hgj `g) cdj pgrgbdydsddj (gjihjggrhji) (gjihjggrhji).. Cgjidj Cgjidj bdtd ndhj, tgbjknkih tgbjknkih fgjidjcuj fgjidjcuji i cud chfgjs chf gjsh, h, ydhtu ydhtu s`hgj`g s`hgj`g cdj gjihjg gjihjggrhj grhji i ydji ydji sdnhji sdnhji agrbdh agrbdhtdj tdj sdtu sdtu sdfd sdfd ndhjjy ndhjjyd. d. Pdhjs Pdhjs fgjid`u pdcd pgfdodfdj bhtd tgjtdji cujhd jydtd sgbhtdr bhtd, drthjyd fgjigjdh `hrh-`hrh cdsdr cds dr pdcd pdcd chfgjs chfgjshh rudji, rudji, tgjtdj tgjtdji i fdtgrh fdtgrh cdj gjgrih gjgrih cdndf cdndf hjtgrd hjtgrdbsh bshjyd jyd sdtu tgrodc tgrodcdp dp ndhjjyd. Fgjuru Fgj urutt ujcdji ujcdji-uj -ujcdj cdji i tgjtdj tgjtdji i shstgf shstgf jdshkj jdshkjdn dn pgjgnh pgjgnhthdj thdj,, pgjigf pgjigfadj adjidj idj,, cdj  pgjgrdpdj hnfu pgjigtdoudj cdj tgbjknkih, ada H bgtgjtudj ufuf pdsdn 4 Jkfkr 15 Sgbjknkih dcdndo `drd dtdu fgtkcg sgrtd prksgs dtdu prkcub ydji chodshnbdj cdrh pgjgrdpdj cd cdj j pg pgfd fdjl jldd ddtd tdj j ag agra radi didh dh chsh chshpn pnhj hj hnfu hnfu pg pgji jigt gtdo doud udj j yd ydji ji fgji fgjiod odshn shnbd bdj j jh jhnd ndhh ad adih ih  pgfgjuodj bgautuodj, bgautuodj, bgndjisujidj, cdj pgjhjibdtdj pgjhjibdtdj futu bgohcupdj fdjushd.



 



Sgbjknkih sgadidh hnfu pgjigtdoudj fgfpujydh shldt-shldt sgadidh agrhbut5 D. Kayg Kaygbt bthl hl cdj cdj Wjhv Wjhvgr grsd sdnn Shcd Shcdb b fg fgfh fhod odb b pd pdcd cd su sudt dtu u dn dnhr hrdj dj tg tgrt rtgj gjtu tu fdup fdupuj uj bgaucdyddj tgrtgjtu cdj fgfhnhbh rgshbk ydji agragcd cgjidj ydji tgrcdounu A. Qdshkjdn Qdshkjdn Ndjcdsdj Ndjcdsdj pgjgfu pgjgfudj dj ydji agrphbhr agrphbhr nkihs nkihs @. Sgids cdj cdj nuids nuids Pgsudh cgjidj cgjidj sydrdt sydrdt pgfaubth pgfaubthdj dj sg`drd gfphrhs gfphrhs C. Phstgfdths Phstgfdths cdj dbufundthl dbufundthl Phldt rdshkjdn rdshkjdn cdj gfphrhs gfphrhs fgfagjtub fgfagjtub bgrdjibd bgrdjibd phbhr ydji shstgfdths G. Sufauo Sufauo,, sgndnu sgndnu agrbgf agrbgfadj adji i Sgbjkn Sgbjknkih kih dbdj dbdj sgndnu sgndnu fgjidn fgjidndfh dfh pgrbgf pgrbgfadj adjidj idj cdj thcdb pgrjdo agrogjth chsgadabdj bdrgjd shbdp brhths cdj pgrbgfadjidj pknd phbhr  fdjushd ydji fgjcdsdrh pgrbgfadjidj hjh. L. Sgraub Sgraubdd cdj eueur Fgbdjhsf Fgbdjhsfgg fgjiut fgjiutdfd dfdbdj bdj ujsur-uj ujsur-ujsur sur bgagjdrd bgagjdrdj j ydji ydji tgrnhad tgrnhadtt chujibdp sg`drd egnds sgohjiid tgraubd tgrodcdp bgfujibhjdj pgjhndhdj, cubujidj dtdupuj sdjiidodj. I. Chjdfhs Chjdfhs cdj prkirgshl prkirgshl Phldt ydji sgjdjthdsd sgjdjthdsd agrbgfadji agrbgfadji cdj agrigrdb agrigrdb sgndnu fgjgnhth fgjgnhth cdj fgj`drh sgrtd fgjgfubdj odn ydji adru. Phstgf skshdn dcdndo shstgf ch fdjd chodrdpbdj hnfu pgjigtdoudj cdpdt fgjedch  adihdj cdrh aucdyd bgsgodrhdj fdsydrdbdt. Phstgf lhshb dcdndo shstgf ch fdjd prkcub hnfu  pgjigtdoudj cdpdt chiujdbdj sg`drd kpthfdn cdj fgfdsydrdbdt sgsudh cgjidj lujish-lujish ydji fgwdcdohjyd, bdrdbtgr rdj`djidj sgthcdbjyd fgnhputh gfpdt fd`df ydhtu5 D. Gcubdsh ]dcdd cdsdrj ]dc cdsdrjyd yd fgrupd fgrupdbdj bdj sudtu sudtu ldshnht ldshnhtds ds pgfagn pgfagnded dedrdj. rdj. Pgsudh Pgsudh jdfdjy jdfdjyd, d, fdtgrh fdtgrh  pgfagndedrdj tgrsgaut chtujedji cgjidj tgbjknkih. Hnfu pgjigtdoudj fgrupdbdj fdtg fd tgrh rh yd ydji ji sd sdji jidt dt chjd chjdfh fhs, s, cd cdnd ndf f dr drth th fgfp fgfpuj ujyd ydhh hj hjtg tgjs jsht htds ds pg pgru ruad adod odj j cd cdj j  pgrbgfadjidj ydji thjiih. Pgadidh ldshnhtds gcubdsh, odrus cdpdt fgjidbkfkcdsh chjd chjdfh fhsds sdshh pg pgru ruad adod odj j hj hjh, h, cd cdnd ndf f drth drth od odru russ lngbs lngbsha hagn gn tg tgro rodc dcdp dp pg pgru ruad adod odj j cd cdj j  pgrbgfadjidj fdtgrh ch cdndfjyd. sgadidh s gadidh sdndo s dndo sdtu egjhs ldshnhtds bkfgrshdn, odrus chrdj`dji chrdj` dji fgjdrhb fgjdrhb didr cdpdt fgjujcdji fgjujcdji pdrd pgjiujeuj pgjiujeuji. i. Wjtub Wjtub fgj`dpdh fgj`dpdh tueudj tueudj hjh, fdtgrh gcubdsh ydji fgwdcdoh cdndf odrus fgj`djibup fdtgrh pgfagndedrdj ujtub sgfud ushd, adhb djdb-djdb, rgfded, fdupuj cgwdsd.



A. Hjlk Hjlkrf rfdt dthl  hl 



 



Pgadid Pga didhh ldshnht ldshnhtds ds gcubds gcubdsh, h, odrus odrus cdpdt cdpdt fgj fgjchs chstrha trhaush ushbdj bdj hjlkrf hjlkrfdsh dsh cgjidj cgjidj adhb. adhb. Drthjyd, fdtgrh-fdtgrh pgfagndedrdj ch cdndfjyd cdpdt tgrsdfpdhbdj cgjidj adhb  sgsudh sgsu dh cgjidj cgjidj rgj`dj rgj`djd. d. Wjtub Wjtub fgj`dp fgj`dpdh dh odn tgrsgau tgrsgaut, t, chpgrnu chpgrnubdj bdj dcdjyd dcdjyd pgrdid pgrdid fdupu fdu puj j ldshnht ldshnhtds ds pgjcub pgjcubuj uji i ndhj ydji ydji pgjygc pgjygchddj hddjjyd jyd dbdj dbdj agrpgj agrpgjidr idruo uo pdcd pdcd rdj`djidj rudji cdj adjiujdj sg`drd bgsgnuruodj. @. Qgbr Qgbrgd gdth thl  l  Pgndhj agrshldt gcubdthl, euid odrus chrdj`dji cgjidj bdrdbtgr rgbrgdthl, cdndf drth ldshnht ldsh nhtds ds hjh odrus odrus cdpdt cdpdt fgfagr fgfagrhbd hbdj j ohaurd ohaurdj j dtdu gbspnk gbspnkrdsh rdsh pgjidn pgjidndfd dfdj j adih adih  pgjiujeuji sgohjiid wdbtu bujeujidj fgjedch pdjedji cdj hjtgjshtds bujeujidj undjij und jijyd yd thjiih thjiih.. Pgadid Pgadidhh ldshnht ldshnhtds ds rgbrgd rgbrgdthl, thl, rdj`dj rdj`djidj idj odrus odrus chngji chngjibdp bdphh cgjidj cgjidj ldshnhtds-ldshnhtds rgbrgdsh sgsudh cgjidj bkjsufgj tgrigtjyd ydji fgnhputh djdb-djdb, rgfded cdj cgwdsd. C. Brgd rgdthl  Bdrdbtgr hjh fgrupdbdj rgspkj dtds tujtutdj thid bdrdbtgr sgagnufjyd. Didr cdpdt fgfgjuoh fgfgju oh chjdfh chjdfhsdsh sdsh pgrbgf pgrbgfadj adjidj idj fdtgrh fdtgrh gcubdsh gcubdsh,, fgjydf fgjydfpdh pdhbdj bdj hjlkrf hjlkrfdsh dsh cgjidj cgj idj adhb adhb sgsudh sgsudh rgj`dj rgj`djdd cdj cdpdt fgfadj fgfadjiuj iuj sudsdj sudsdjdd rgbrdt rgbrdthl hl sgrtd sgrtd thcdb  thcdb  fgfa fg faks ksdj djbd bdj, j, rdj`dj rdj`djid idj j od odru russ br brgdt gdthl hl.. Fdbs Fdbsuc uc br brgd gdth thll dc dcdn dndo do br brgd gdth thll cd cdnd ndf f rdj`djidj adjiujdj fdupuj rdj`djidj ldshnhtds pgjcubujijyd.



 



ADA HHH ]GFADODPDJ D.



]gjigrthdj H]SGB  Hnfu pgjigtdoudj pgjigtdoudj (sdhjs) dcdndo pgjigtdoudj pgjigtdoudj tgjtdji tgjtdji igednd dndf ydji chpgrkngo chpgrkngo



fgndnuh fgn dnuh prksgs prksgs ydji ydji chsgau chsgautt fgtkcg fgtkcg hnfhdo hnfhdo (s`hgjt (s`hgjthlh` hlh` fgtok fgtokc). c). Pgcdji Pgcdjibdj bdj pgjigr pgjigrthd thdj j Sgbjknkih cdpdt bhtd nhodt cdrh sgih adodsd cdj hsthndo. Cdrh sgih adodsd ,tgbjknkih agrdsdn cdrh  adodsd Xujdjh ydhtutg`ojg ydhtutg`ojg,ydji ,ydji agrdrth sgjh dtdu bgred tdjidj cdj nkiks nkiks ydji  ydji agrdrth wd`djd dtdu bdtd-bdtd shstgfdths (tgkrh). Cdrh sgih hsthndo fgfhnhbh fdbsuc hnfu pgjigtdoudj cdj thjcdbdj agrshstgf. Pgohjiid cdpdt chshfpunbdj ydji chfdbsuc tgbjknkih pgjigtdoudj cdj bgtrdfphndj ydji fgrupdbdj pgjgrdpdj hnfu pgjigtdoudj cdndf bgohcupdj fdjushd sgodrhodrh. Cdndf Cdn df bgohcu bgohcupdj pdj fdjush fdjushdd cgwdsd cgwdsd hjh thcdb thcdb tgrngp tgrngpds ds cdrh cdrh hnfu hnfu dndfhd dndfhdo o cdj hnfu tgrdpdjjyd agrupd tgbjknkih ch agradidh ahcdji. Fgfdji, pdcd fundjyd djtdrd hnfu dndfhdo cdj tgbjknkih htu thcdb sgndnu fgfpujydh bdhtdj. Jdfuj, cdndf zdfdj fkcgrj hjh, ujtub  fgfaudt bdpdn, krdji odrus fgjiudsdh hnfu furjh, oubuf Dr`ohfgcgs, bkjstrubsh aded cdj sgadidhjyd, didr bdpdn thcdb tgjiigndf cdj cdpdt fgjidrujih ndutdj. ]grbgfadjidj cujhd H]SGB ydji cgfhbhdj pgsdtjyd tgndo fgfadwd fdjlddt nudr   ahdsd adih bgfdeudj pgrdcdadj ufdt fdjushd. ]gjigfadjidjH]SGB chdjiidp sgadidh sknush cdrh pgrfdsdndodj pgrfdsdndodj ydji dcd. Pgadihdj Pgadihdj krdji adobdj fgfued H]SGB H]SGB sgadidh sgadidh nhagrdtkr ydji dbdj fgfagadsbdj fgrgbd cdrh bujibujidj bgldjddj cujhd. H]SGB chydbhjh dbdj fgfagrh ufdt fdjushd bgsgodtdj, bgadodihddj cdj hfkrtdnhtds. Cdndf pgrdcdadj fkcgrj ydji fucd, tgrndnu sgrhji fdjushd tgrogjydb kngo chshnush cdrh cdfpdb jgidthl H]SGB tgrodcdp bgohcupdj ufdt fdjushd. A.



]grdjdj Hnfu ]gjigtdoudj cdj Sgbjknkih cdndf Bgohcupdj Fdjushd d) ]grdjdj ]grdjdj Sgro Sgrodcd dcdp p Bgautuo Bgautuodj dj ]kbkb ]kbkb Fdju Fdjushd shd



4.



]djidj (fdbdjdj) Cdfpdb ydji chthfaunbdj kngo bgfdeudj hnfu pgjigtdoudj dndf cdj tgbjknkih dcd



ydji pkshthl cdj dcd euid ydji jgidthl. Cdfpdb ydji pkshthl djtdrd ndhj5 d)



Chtgfubdjjyd ahaht ujiiun ydji cdndf wdbtu shjibdt cdpdt chprkcubsh agrnhpdt idjcd.



 



 a)



Chiujdbdjjyd fgbdjhsdsh pgrtdjhdj ujtub fgfdjgj odshn prkcubsh sgohjiid odshnjyd



ngaho agsdr chadjchjibdj cgjidj fgjiiujdbdj tgjdid fdjushd. `)



]gfagrdjtdsd ]gfagrdjtdsdj j odfd odfd cdj fgfaujuo fgfaujuo bufdj-bufdj bufdj-bufdj pgfausub pgfausub fgjiiu fgjiiujdbdj jdbdj rdchdsh



ydji agrsufagr cdrh tgjdid jubnhr.



Cdfpdb jgidth Cdfpdb jgidthljy ljyd, d, djtdrd djtdrd ndh ndhj5 j5 pgfdbd pgfdbdhdj hdj pgsthsh pgsthshcd, cd, tgrjydt tgrjydtdd thcdb thcdb sded cdpdt cdpdt fgfagrdjtds odfd tdjdfdj, tgtdph euid cdpdt fgfaujuo ogwdj tgrjdb, cdpdt fgrd`ujh odshn pdjgj cdj adobdj cdpdt fgrd`ujh fdjushd htu sgjchrh. 1.



Pdjcdji ( ]dbdhdj) Cgjidj Cgj idj bgfdeu bgfdeudj dj tgbjkn tgbjknkih kih,, bhtd bhtd thcdb thcdb pgrnu pgrnu fgjuji fgjujiiu iu tgrndnu tgrndnu ndfd ndfd odshn odshn sgrdt sgrdt



tdjdfdj bdpds bdrgjd cgjidj sgrdt shjtgshs, pgfaudt tgbsthn cdpdt chndbubdj sg`drd agsdr agsdrdj cdndf wdbtu ydji shjibdt. Cdndf odn pgrohdsdj, pgrbgfadjidj H]SGB tgndo cdpdt chaudt chau dt hjtdj shjtgths, agrcdsdr cdrh strubtur strubtur hjtdj fgjiuado fgjiuado strubtur ogbsdikjdn ogbsdikjdn cdrh bdrakj irdlht fgjedch strubturtgtrdikjdn cdrh hjtdj. Pgcdjibdj cdfpdb jgidthljyd, djtdrd ndhj5 pgfdbdhdj sgrdt shjtgths, bdndu fgjedch sdfpdo thcdb cdpdt chodj`urbdj kngo adbtgrh-adbtgrh pgfausub. Jdfuj, dpdahnd chadbdr dbdj fgjygadabdj fgjhphsjyd ndphsdj kzkj cdj cdpdt fgj`gfdrbdj tdjdo sgohjiid fgjiurdjih bgsuaurdj tdjdo. 0.



]dpdj ( Sgfpdt thjiidn) Cgjidj fgjgrdpbdj tgbjknkih fdeu, fdjushd fdfpu fgfadjiuj rufdo cdj igcuji



 pgj`dbdr ndjiht sgohjiid thcdb fgfautuobdj ndodj ydji nuds ujtub fgfadjiuj pgfubhfdj. pgfubhfdj. Chsdfphji htu, fdjushd dbdj agrusdod fgfdjlddtbdj ndutdj cdj djtdrhbsd sgagsdr-agsdrjyd, fgndnuh pundu pundu audtdj. Cdfpdb jgidthljyd djtdrd ndhj5 cgjidj pgrdndtdj fkcgrj krdji cgjidj sdjidt fucdo fgfadadt outdj ujtub pgfadjiujdj rufdo, igcuji. Dbhadtjyd outdj fgjedch iujcun cdj  ehbd outdj tgredch tg redch adjehr, grksh, pgjcdbdndj sujidh, bgfdthdj sufagr dhr, ohndjijyd bgsuaurdj tdjdo ydji pdcd dbohrjyd fgjygjisdrdbdj fdjushd sgjchrh.  a) ]grdjdj tgrodcdp ]gjcdydiujddj Pufagr Cdyd Dndf Pdndo sdtu bgngahodj fdjushd cdrh fdbonub ndhj dcdndo bgfdfpudj fdjushd cdndf fgj`hptdbdj cdj fgjiiujdbdj dndt. Pdndo sdtu `hptddj fdjushd ydji fgjdbeuabdj dcdndo fgshj- fgshj, ydji djtdrd ndhj dcdndo 5



 



4.



Fgshj adbdr  ]rhjshpjyd adodj adbdr ch`dfpur ucdrd ydji chfdfpdtbdj cdndf shnhjcgr, chngcdbbdj



cgjidj cgj idj aujid aujid dph cdrh cdrh aush. aush. Igrdbd Igrdbdj j hjh chtgru chtgrusbd sbdj j kngo kngo rkcd rkcd pgjgru pgjgruss ydji ydji sgbdnh sgbdnhius ius fgfutdr fgshj cdj fgfaudji adodj adbdr ydji tgndo tgrpdbdh bgfuchdj fgfdfpdtbdj  adodj adbdr cdj ucdrd ydji adru, adru, bgfuchdj chngcdbbdj cdj sgtgrusjyd. 1.



Jubnhr   Jubnhr cdpdt chfdjlddtbdj ujtub sufagr tgjdid, fgjstgrhnbdj dndt-dndt bgckbtgrdj,



bgsgod bgs godtdj tdj / pgjika pgjikadtd dtdj, j, pgjhji pgjhjibdt bdtdj dj cdyd cdyd iujd iujd tdjdfd tdjdfdj j pgrtdj pgrtdjhdj hdj,, pgjidw pgjidwgtd gtdj j adodj adodj fdbdjdj, pgjidwgtdj bdyu, pgjhjibdtdj futu tgbsthn, pgjgnhthdj rdchkirdlh, ohcrknkih, cdj  pgjgnhthdj pgj`gfdrdj nhjibujidj. 0.



Fhjydb Aufh Pgfud fgshj bgjcdrddj cdj fgshj pdarhb pdarhb fgjiiujdbdj fhjydb aufh sgadidh adodj



 adbdrjyd. Jdfuj, bhtd sdcdr fhjydb aufh fgrupdbdj sufagr cdyd dndf ydji thcdb cdpdt chpgradodruh. Odshn pgfadbdrdj fhjydb aufh agrupd ids-ids kbshcd, djtdrd ndhj bdrakjchkbshcd cdj bdrakjfkj bdrakjfkjkbshc kbshcd. d. Bdrakjchkb Bdrakjchkbshcd shcd agriujd agriujd ujtub lktkshjtgths lktkshjtgths (pgfagjtub (pgfagjtubdj dj zdt iund dtdu dtd u pdth pdth pdcd pdcd cduj cduj ohedu ohedu cgjidj cgjidj adjtud adjtudj j shjdr shjdr fdtdod fdtdodrh), rh), sgcdji sgcdjibdj bdj bdrakj bdrakjfkj fkjkbs kbshcd hcd sdjidt agrd`uj. agrd`uj. Ids hjh cdpdt fgrd`ujh fgrd`ujh sgn cdrdo fgrdo sgohjiid sgohjiid thcdb cdpdt agrlujish agrlujish ndih cdndf pgjidjibut kbshigj cdndf edrhjidj tuauo.  Jdfuj ydji ngaho agradodyd dcdndo ids ydji fgjidjcuji ]a (thfdo ohtdf) cdj Oi (dhrr rdbsd). (dh rdbsd). Bgrd`uj Bgrd`ujdj dj ids tgrsgau tgrsgautt sdjidt sdjidt subdr subdr chkadt chkadthh bdrgjd bdrgjd nkidfnkidf-nki nkidf df tgrsga tgrsgaut ut fgjigjcdp cdndf tuauo. Ahdsdjyd nkidf tgrsgaut chpdbdh sgadidh `dfpurdj agjshj didr   agjshj fucdo chadbdr. Wjsur ndhj ydji ydji agradodyd dcdndo drsgj cdj agngrdji. 3.



Adtu Adrd ]gfa ]gfadj djib ibht ht tgjdi tgjdidd nhst nhstrh rhb, b, fg fgshj shj ud udp, p, ad adob obdj dj sdfpd sdfpdhh ru rufd fdo o td tdji jiid id ad adjy jydb  db 



fgjiiujdbdj adtu adrd, fgsbh sgchbht cgfh sgchbht tgrigsgr kngo fhjydb aufh. Jdfuj, cgjidj cgj idj dcdjyd dcdjyd bgfdeu bgfdeudj dj tgbjkn tgbjknkih kih,, fgjyga fgjygadab dabdj dj adodj adodj tgrsgau tgrsgautt cdpdt cdpdt chcdur chcdur undji. undji. ]gjdfadji ]gjdf adjidj dj adtu adrd cdpdt fgfadodydbdj fgfadodydbdj fdjushd, bdrgjd bdrgjd ids kbshigj kbshigj sdjidt tgradtds, sgadnhbjyd ids-ids aufh ydji fgjygsdbbdj jdpds eustru agrnhfpdo.



 



7.



Dhr  Bhtd tdou ch tgfpdt-tgfpdt tgrpgj`hn fdsho sdjidt bgburdjidj dhr. Jdfuj, cgjidj



 agrbgfadjijyd tgbjknkih, dhr cdpdt fgjedjibdu sgnuruo s gnuruo pgnkskb jgigrh hjh. Dhr sdjidt agsdr  fdjlddtjyd adih bgohcupdj fdjushd, thcdb odjyd ujtub chfhjuf, tgtdph euid ahsd sgadidh sdrdjd trdjspkrtdsh, whsdtd, kndordid cdj fgjedch sufagr pgfadjibht nhstrhb ydji fgfpujydh  pgrdjdj agsdr pdcd bgohcupdj sgodrh-odrh. Dhr fgrupdbdj sufagr cdyd dndf ydji cdpdt chpgradodruh, drthjyd sgtgndo chpdbdh cdpdt chagrshobdj bgfadnh. Jdfuj bdrgjd undo fdjushd htu sgjchrh, pgfagrshodj htu thcdb sgndnu cdpdt sgfpurjd. Pgohjiid ndfadt nduj, dhr agrsho hjh sgfdbhj ndfd sgfdbhj fgjuruj eufndo cdj budnhtdsjyd.