Pathophysiology of Nephrolithiasis [PDF]

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of NEPHROLITHIASIS



AGENT HOST - Excessive Intake of Ca (milk) / Hypercalcemia - Male



ENVIRONMENT - Family history of renal disease



- Low intake of H2O



May produce excess amounts of mucoprotein in the bladder or



Supersaturation of urine with increased calcium Low urinary flow



Allowing crystallites to be deposited and trapped forming calculi or stones



Urine (upon voiding) moves tiny stones to the ureter



Large stones



Tiny stones



Blocks the ureter



Becomes nidus for bacteriaLow urine output or dysuria



Urinary Tract Infection



Causes spasm Makes urine’s turbidity cloudy



Injures the wall of the ureter



Painful urination Blood or dysuria or RBCs combine with urine or hematuria



↓ Hgb count Causes ↑ WBC count