Conditional Sentence [PDF]

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CONDITIONAL Pola conditional merupakan bentuk kalimat pengandaian dengan ciri hadirnya kata jika/apabila, yang umumnya dinyatakan dangan kata IF. Terdapat dua kategori besar pola pengandaian yakni : The real (factual dan nabiutral) dan unreal (centrary to the fact). The real conditional yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah future conditional, merupakan pola lamunan yang menyatakan sesuatu memiliki peluang untuk terjadi bila syarat tertentu terpenuhi selanjutnya disebut conditional type 1. Type unreal merupakan pola lamunan yang merupakan pengingkaran dari fakta sebenarnya akan terjadi atau sedang terjadi sekarang yang lebih dikenal dengan present conditional atau conditional type 2. Dan kedua lamunan yang berkontradiksi dengan yang sebenarnya sudah terjadi yang lebih dikenal dengan past conditional atau conditional type 3. 1. Future Conditional (Conditional Type 1) Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu mungkin terjadi pada waktu mendatang atau sekarang, jika syarat atau kondisi tertentu terpenuhi. Conditional type 1 dibentuk oleh rangkaian simple present sebagai sub-clause dan simple future sebagai main clause. If + subject 1 + present + subject 2 + [will/can/may/must] + verb 1 (simple form) Example 1. If you come with me for a jogride to night, you will have a great fun. 2. You must study hard, if you want to enter favorite university "If" Pada pola diatas dapat dilesapkan / dihilangkan tanpa mengubah makna dengan mengubah structur polanya didalam bentuk inverse Should + subject 1 + simple form + subject 2 + [will/can/may/must] + verb 1 (simple form) Example ~ If you come with me for a jogride to night, you will have a gread fun ~ Should you want to enter favorite university, you must study hard 2. Present Conditional (Conditional Type 2) Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang ada / terjadi sekarang / belakangan ini. If + subject 1 + simple past + subject 2 + [would / could / might] + verb 1 / be Example 1. If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this week and 2. He would tell you about, it if he were here "If" dengan menggunakan to be "were" pada pola diatas dapat dilesapkan / dihilangkan tanpa



mengubah makna dengan mengubah structur polanya kedalam bentuk inversi. Were +subject 1 + adjective + noun + subject 2 + [would / could / might] + verb / be Example ~ Were I to have time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend ~ Were he here, he would tell you about it 3. Past Conditional (Conditional Type 3) Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangn dengan apa yang telah terjadi sesuatu yang sudah berlalu If + subject 1 + past perfect + subject 2 + [would / could / might] + have + verb 3 / been Example 1. If I had known you were there, I would have writen you a letter 2. If you had asked me I would, have told you the whole story Bentuk inversi (tanpa menggunakan kata "if") untuk type ini adalah Had + subject 1 + verb 3/been + subject 2 + [would/could/might] + have + verb 3/been Example ~ Had I known you were there, I would have written you a letter ~ Had you asked me I would have told you the whole story



Example of Conditional 1. If I were in town, I would go I do not were in town, pn i would not go 2. If I had known you were, I would come to have you. I do not had known you were, so I would not came to have you.



Rumus Conditional Sentence Rumus Umum



Secara umum, rumus kalimat pengandaian ini adalah sebagai berikut.



if + condition, result/consequence



atau tanpa tanda baca koma: result/consequence + if + condition



Rumus Conditional Sentence berbagai tipe Type



Rumus Conditional Sentence



0



if + simple present, simple present



1



if + simple present, will + bare infinitive



2



if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive



3



if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle



Contoh Conditional Sentence Berikut contoh conditional sentence pada berbagai tipe sesuai dengan rumus di atas. Type



Contoh Conditional Sentence



0



If we burn paper, it becomes ash. (Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)



1



If I meet him, I will introduce myself. (Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)



2



If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day. (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)



3



If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)



Negatif if + condition Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.



Contoh conditional sentence: if…not dan unless:



Dengan menggunakan rumus negatif if, contoh conditional sentence seperti di bawah ini.  If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.  Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask. 



Pengertian Conditional Sentence Type 1







Conditional sentence type 1 ataufirst conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) daricondition (syarat) memiliki kemungkinan untuk terwujud di masa depan karena condition-nya realistik untuk dipenuhi.







Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 1







Rumus conditional sentence type 1 dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut. if + condition, result/consequence if + simple present, (will + bare infinitive)/imperative







atau result/consequence + if + condition (will + bare infinitive)/imperative + if + simple present



 



Negatif if + condition Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.







Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 1







Berikut beberapa contoh kalimat conditional sentence type 1.



Kalimat



Contoh Kalimat conditional Sentence type 1 If I have free time, I will go swimming. (Jika saya punya waktu luang, saya akan pergi berenang.)



(+)



If the bell rings, I’ll go home. (Jika bel berbunyi, saya akan pulang ke rumah.) If you meet Andy, ask him to call me. [Imperative] (Jika kamu bertemu Andy, minta dia menghubungi saya.) If you don’t finish your homework, your teacher will be angry. (Jika kamu tidak menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahmu, gurumu akan marah.)



(-)



If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry. / Unless he comes, I won’t be angry. (Jika kamu tidak datang, saya tidak akan marah.) If he comes, I won’t be angry. (Jika dia datang, saya tidak akan marah.)



(?)



If they invite you, will you come? (Jika mereka mengundangmu, akankah kamu datang?



Soal Conditional Sentence Type 1 Pilihan Ganda 1. If a customer … chocolate ice cream from the restaurant, he or she will get extra toppings.  



orders order



2. The hotel front desk clerk … you special price room rates if you don’t ask.  



wouldn’t offer won’t offer



3. If you call Tessa, I … others.  



will call would call



4. If I tell the truth, … hurt?  



will he gets will he get



5. Unless it snows, the pavements … slippery. 



will not







will not be



6. If he … the book, I will borrow it in my university library.  



hasn’t doesn’t have



7. The manager … your current income if you can stay focused when working from home.  



will double doubles



8. You will make your parents sad if you … responsible for your life.  



don’t aren’t



9. If you come to her house, she … something delicious for you.  



will be cooked will cook



10. If it rains heavily, … under water?  



will your home end up will your home be ended up



Jawaban 1. orders | a customer = singular subject, gunakan “orders” 2. won’t offer | gunakan won’t (will not) pada conditional sentence type 1, bukan wouldn’t (would not) 3. will call | gunakan will pada conditional sentence type 1, bukan would



4. will he get | verb setelah modal auxiliary verb (will) berbentuk dasar (bare infinitive) tanpa penambahan -s/-es 5. will not be | Karena slippery = adjective, maka perlu digunakan verb to be. Verb to be yang dapat berada diantara modal dan adjective adalah “be”. 6. doesn’t have | Verb “have” membutuhkan dummy auxiliary verb “do/does/did” untuk membentuk negative sentence. 7. will double | Conditional sentence type 1 menggunakan modal verb, bukan hanya verb. 8. aren’t | Karena responsible = adjective, maka perlu digunakan verb to be. Verb to be yang cocok dengan subject “you” adalah “are”. 9. will cook | Kalimat menggunakan active voice. 10. will your home end up | Kalimat menggunakan active voice.



Pengertian Conditional Sentence Type 2 Conditional sentence type 2 atausecond conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) daricondition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau hanya sedikit kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi dimasa sekarang (present unreal situation) atau condition-nya sulit untuk dipenuhi di masa depan (unlikely to happen).



Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 2



Berikut rumus conditional sentence type 2. if + condition, result/consequence if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive



atau result/consequence + if + condition would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past



Negatif if + condition Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.



Were Menggantikan Was Pada conditional sentence type 2, were digunakan menggantikan was meskipun subjek yang digunakan merupakan 3rd person pronoun (she, he, it) maupun kata benda tunggal. Hal ini untuk menunjukkan bahwa pengandaiannya benar-benar hanya berupa khayalan semata karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi (present unreal situation). if + condition, result/consequence if + S + were, would (could/might) + bare infinitive



Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 2 Beberapa contoh kalimat conditional type 2 dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut di bawah ini. Kal.



Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence type 2



Fact



If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day. (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)



but I don’t have much hope it will rain (tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa besok akan hujan)



If Nisa studied hard, she would pass. (Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia akan lulus.)



but Nisa doesn’t study hard (tapi Nisa tidak belajar keras.)



(+)



If I had much money, I would buy a sport car. (Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobilsport.)



but I don’t have much money (tapi saya tidak punya banyak uang)



If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity. (Jika saya seorang millionaire, saya akan mendonasikan uang saya untuk amal.)



but I’m not a millionaire (tapi saya bukan seorang milioner)



If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail. (Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia tidak akan gagal.) (-)



If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail. atau Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail. (Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.) If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t donate my money to charity. If Nisa studied hard, would she pass?



(?)



If you had much money, would you buy a sport car? If you were a millionaire, would you donate my money to charity?



Inverted Word Order pada Conditional Sentence Type 2 Inverted word order berarti verb muncul sebelum subject. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi dengan menghilangkan kata “if” dan menukar posisi subject dan verb. Contohnya sebagai berikut. Normal If I (S) were (V) the shopkeeper, I would give you discounts. (Jika saya pemilik toko, saya akan memberimu potongan harga.)



Inverted



Were (V) I (S) the shopkeeper, I would give you discounts.



Soal Conditional Sentence Type 2 Pilihan Ganda 1. If I … his mind, I wouldn’t let him touch my PC.  



could read would read



2. If I … him, I would quit my job and start a business.  



was were



3. If he were here, I … him not to enter the room without permission.  



would advise would advice



4. It … appreciated if you returned the form as soon as possible.  



would be greatly would greatly



5. … I rich, I would send my son to study overseas.  



Were if Were



6. If he studied harder, he … the best score in his class.  



would got would get



7. Your parents wouldn’t be angry if you … to them.  



didn’t lie don’t lie



8. Unless Reny got enough sleep, she … productive.  



wouldn’t wouldn’t be



9. If I won a god medal at the international physics olympiad, I … admision in some universities without test.  



could get can get



10. If you had a sister, … clothes with her?  



would you share you would share



Jawaban 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.



could read were would advise would be greatly Were would get didn’t lie wouldn’t be



9. could get 10. would you share



Pengertian Conditional Sentence Type 3 Conditional sentence type 3 atauthird conditional adalah conditional sentence yang digunakan ketika result/consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan terwujud karenacondition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.



Rumus Conditional Sentence Type 3



Bagian conditional clause (if + condition) menggunakansubordinate conjunction “if” dan past perfect tense, sedangkan bagian main clause (result) menggunakanperfect modal (modal + have + past participle). Berikut rumus conditional sentence type 3. if + condition, result/consequence if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle



atau result/consequence + if + condition would/should/could/might have + past participle + if + past perfect



Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence Type 3 Beberapa contoh kalimat conditional sentence type 3 dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut. Kalimat



Contoh Kalimat Conditional Sentence type 3



Fact



If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)



but you didn’t remember (tapi kamu tidak ingat)



If I had given the interviewer really good answers, I might have got a higher position than you. (Jika saya memberi jawaban yang benar-benar bagus ke pewawancara, saya mungkin memdapatkan posisi yang lebih tinggi dari kamu.)



but I didn’t give really good answers (tapi saya tidak memberikan jawaban yang benar-benar bagus)



(-)



If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broken many plates. (Jika pelayan tersebut hati-hati, dia tidak akan memecahkan banyak piring.)



but the waitress wasn’t careful (tapi pelayan tersebut tidak hati-hati)



(?)



If he had asked you for forgiveness, would you have forgiven him? (Jika dia meminta maaf kepadamu, akankah kamu memaafkannya?)



but he didn’t ask you for forgiveness (tapi dia tidak meminta maaf)



(+)



Inverted Word Order pada Conditional Sentence Type 3 Inverted word order berarti verb muncul sebelum subject. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi dengan menghilangkan kata “if” dan menukar posisi subject dan verb. Contohnya sebagai berikut. Normal If you (S) had (V) saved your gold in a safety deposit box, it wouldn’t have gone. (Jika kamu telah menyimpan emasmu di safety deposit box, emasmu tidak akan hilang.)



Inverted



Had (V) you (S) saved your gold in a safety deposit box, it wouldn’t have gone.



Soal Conditional Sentence Type 3 Pilihan Ganda 1. If you … an umbrella, you wouldn’t have got wet.  



had took had taken



2. If you … about personal financial planning, you could’ve spent your money wisely.  



had known had knew



3. She … your calls if you had reply her text message fast.  



wouldn’t have been ignored wouldn’t have ignored



4. Had you treated your maid better, she …  



wouldn’t have ran away wouldn’t have run away



5. If he had come to ask forgiveness, … his apologies?  



would you have accept would you have accepted



6. If our friend hadn’t forgotten to renew his visa, he …  



wouldn’t have been deported wouldn’t have deported



7. If the student … the instructions carefully, he wouldn’t have broken an dessicator.  



have listened and followed had listened and followed



8. If the driver …, he wouldn’t have crashed concrete road separators.  



hadn’t got enough sleep had got enough sleep



9. If you … that you couldn’t handle the pressure anymore, your parents might have helped you. 



had told







have told



10. If you … earlier, you could have saw the beautiful sunrise.  



had woken up had woke up



Jawaban



1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.



had taken had known wouldn’t have ignored wouldn’t have run away would you have accepted wouldn’t have been deported had listened and followed had got enough sleep had told



10. had woken up



(Isilah bentuk kata kerja yang benar yang ada di dalam kurung pada setiap kalimat berikut ini) 1. If we had left the house earlier, they……………….(be; negative) so late getting to the ship. 2. If I finish the assignment before Saturday, I………………..(submit) it to my lecturer. 3. If I had seen the concert, I………………..(tell) you about it last night. 4. Had Juki not interfered in his brother’s marital problems, there…………………(be) peace between them. 5. She would give you the money if she……………………(have) it. 6. They would call you immediately if they………………….(need) help. 7. Had my mother arrived at the sale early, she……………….(find) a better dress. 8. If you have enough time, please…………………..(clean) your room before you go to school. 9. They could go for a drive if today…………………(be) Sunday. 10. If I win the prize, it will be because I………………………(write) very well. 11. If your sister………………….(buy) that chocolate for you, will you be happy? 12. If she…………………..(decide) earlier, she could have left on the morning flight. 13. Had I known his address, I…………….(write) him a letter. 14. If the roofer doesn’t come soon, the rain………………………(leak) inside. 15. My cat always sleeps if it……………………(watch) drama on TV. 16. If you………….(see) John tonight, please ask him to call his mother. 17. If I……………(do) a good job, I would get the raise. 18. My lecturer will not accept my work if I…………….(submit) it in late.



19. If we had known her, we……………………(talk) to her. 20. They would understand it if you……………….(explain) it to them more slowly. 21. I……………..(rich), I would travel around the world. 22. She would have understood her English teacher if she………………(speak) slowly. 23. If my headache disappeared, I……………………(play) tennis this morning. 24. If today………………….(be) Sunday, we could go to the beach. 25. We……………….(go) tonight if we didn’t have to study. 26. If the fireman hadn’t arrived earlier, they…………………(save; negative) the house. 27. Peter……………..(pass) the examination if he studied well. 28. Roni could win the competition if he…………………(practice) more. 29. We wouldn’t know that our parents came if my teacher………………..(tell; negative) us. 30. Don’t expect too much if you………………(want) to be happy. 31. Had I known that Desti was a liar, I………………(tell) my secret. 32. If she………………(know) there was a test, she would have prepared for it well. 33. We……………..(do) our work if our computer had not broken down. 34. If he…………….(be) more confident during the interview, he might have the job he wanted. 35. They would have lost their bag if they…………………..(leave) it in the hotel.



Pengertian conditional sentences Conditional sentence (kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang mengandaikan suatu keinginan, harapan, rencana, dan Iain-lain yang masih bisa terjadi [possible), sesuatu yang tak terpenuhi/angan-angan (unreal), dan tak ter- wujud (impossible).



Contoh:     



If I work hard, I will have a lot of money. (Jika aku bekerja keras, aku akan memiliki banyak uang) If I study English, I will get good score in TOEFL. (Jika aku belajar bahasa Inggris, aku akan mendapatkan nilai yang bagus dalam tes TOEFL) If I had a lot of money, I would buy an expensive car. (Jika aku memiliki banyak uang, aku akan menibeli mobil yang mahal) If i were you, I would work in that foreign company. (Jika aku jadi kamu, aku akan bekerja di perusahaan asing itu) If I had got high score in the national examination, I would have studeid in a state university. (jika aku mendapatkan nilai yang bagus di ujian nasional, aku akan belajar disebuah perguruan tinggi negeri)







We would have got the ticket if we had come earlier. (Kita akan mendapatkan tiket jika kita datang lebih awal.) Catatan:  Terdapat dua bagian di dalam struktur kalimat pengadaian. yaitu mduk Kalimat (main clause) dan anak kalimat (dalam bentuk if clause). Contoh: If I work hard, 1 will have a lot of money. If clause main clause 



Struktur atau posisi induk dan anak kalimat pada kalimat pengandaian dapat diubah-ubah. Contoh: 



If I had got high score in the national examination, 1 would have entered state university.  1 would have entered state university If I had got high score in the national examination. Catatan: Ketika posisi induk kalimat berada di depan, maka tidak perlu adanya pemisah berupa tanda koma (,) di antara induk dan anak kalimat. Ketika posisi anak kalimat (if clause) berada di depan, maka digunakan pemisah berupa tanda koma (,).



KINDS OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu:



Kalimat pengandaian tipe 1 (type 1) Pola kalimat pengandaian tipe 1: If + subject + VI (Simple Present Tense)+Subject + will + VI (Simple Present tense) atau If + subect + (be) present + adjective/noun+Subject + will be + adjective/noun



Contoh: If I study hard, I will pass the final examination. (jika aku belajar dengan sungguh-sungguh, aku akan lulus dalam ujian akhir)



Keterangan: > Kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentece) tipe 1 digunakan untuk mengungkapkan atau mengandaikan sesuatu yang belum terjadi pada waktu sekarang dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi dalam waktu dekat. Kalimat semacam ini menjelaskan untuk menyatakan suatu pola sebab dan akibat.



Kalimat pengandaian tipe 2 (type 2) Pola kalimat pengandaian tipe 2:



If + subject + V2/simple past tense + Subject + would + Vl/past future tense atau If + subject + were + adjective/noun + Subject + would be + adjective/noun Contoh:   



Rony would buy a new car if he got the job in foreign company. (Rony akan membeli mobil baru jika ia mendapatkan pekerjaan di perusahaan asing) If I passed the company entrance test, I would treat you a plate of steak. (jika aku lulus dalam tes masuk perusahaan, aku akan mentraktirmu sepiring bistik) If I were you, I would apply for that scholarship. (jika aku jadi kamu, aku akan melamar untuk beasiswa itu)



Keterangan:  Kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) tipe 2 merupakan kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang tidak mungkin terjadi atau yang bertentangan dengan kenyataan pada waktu sekarang. Kalimat dengan tipe ini biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu khayalan.  Fakta: fakta yang diungkapkan oleh kalimat pengandaian tipe 2 adalah bahwa saat ini apa yang diandaikan itu tidak terjadi. Contoh:



Condotional Sentence: If I had long holiday, I would visit your home. (jika aku libur panjang, aku akan mengunjungi rumahmu)



Fakta/Fact : I have not long holiday. (Aku tidak libur panjang) Conditional Sentence: If I were you, I would go to that party. (Kalau aku jadi kamu, aku akan pergi ke pesta itu) Fact: I am not you. (Aku bukan kamu) Catatan : were digunakan baik oleh subjek tunggal maupun jamak. Namun. ada kalanya bentuk was digunakan pada subjek (I , he, she, it) ketika digunakan pada percakapan tidak formal. Misalnya : If I was you. I would accept his invitation.



Kalimat pengandaian tipe 3 (type 3) Pola kalimat pengandaian tipe 3:



If + subject + had + V3/past perfects + subject + would have + V3/past perfect atau if + subject + had been + adjective/noun + subject + would have been + adjective/noun



Contoh:   



If I had had enough time, I would have come to your wedding party. (Kalau saja aku punya waktu yang cukup, aku akan datang ke pesta pernikahanmu) Ifl had worked hard, I would have got the promotion for manager position. (Kalau saja aku bekerja keras, aku akan mendapatkan promosi untuk jabatan manajer) If I hadn’t gone to the mountain, I wouldn’t have had an accident. (Kalau saja aku tidak pergi ke gunung, aku tidak akan mengalami kecelakaan)



Keterangan:  Kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) tipe 3 adalah kalimat yang mengandaikan sesuatu yang sudah terjadi dan tidak terjadi di masa lalu. Tipe kalimat ini biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu penyesalan.  Fakta yang diungkapkan dalam kalimat pengandaian ini adalah bahwa apa yang diandaikan tidak pernah terjadi di masa lalu. Contoh: Conditional sentence: If I had studied English well, I would have got good score in TOEIC. (kalau aku belajar bahasa Inggris dengan baik, aku akan mendapatkan nilai yang baik di TOEIC. Fact: I did not study. Therefore, I had bad score in TOEIC. ( Aku tidak belajar. Maka dari itu, aku mendapatkan nilai yang buruk di TOEIC. )







Kalimat pengandaian (Conditional Sentence) juga dapat menggunakan bentuk progressive atau continuous jika memang menerangkan proses yang sedang terjadi. Contoh: Conditional Sentence: If I were working in England, I would be living together with my family. (jika aku bekerja di Inggris. aku akan dapat tinggal bersama dengan keluargaku)



Fact: I am not working in England. I am not living together with my family. (Aku tidak bekerja di Inggris. Aku tidak tinggal bersama dengan keluargaku) Conditional Sentence: If it were not raining right now, I would go to the music concert. (kalau sekarang tidak hujan, aku akan pergi ke konser musik) Fact: It is raining right now, so I will not go the music concert. (Sekarang sedang hujan, jadi aku tidak akan pergi ke konser musik) Conditional sentence: If I had been working in England last year. I would have been living together with my family. (Kalau aku bekerja di Inggris tahun kemarin, aku pasti tinggal bersama dengan keluargaku). Fact: I was not working in England. I was not living together with my family (aku tidak bekerja di Inggris. Aku tidak tinggal bersama dengan keluargaku) Conditional sentence: If it has not been raining, I would have gone to the music concert. (kalau tidak hujan, aku pasti pergi ke konser musik) Fact: It was raining yesterday, so 1 did not go to the music concert. (Kemarin hujan, jadi aku tidak pergi ke konser musik)



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Conditional sentence (kalimat pengandaian) dapat mengungkapkan kejadian atau pengandaian yang terjadi pada waktu yang berbeda. Misalnya, klausa if (anak kalimat) mengungkapkan kejadian pada waktu lampau [past), sedangkan induk kalimat mengungkapkan kejadian yang sekarang [present). Contoh: Conditional sentence:



If I had prepared some foods several hours ago, I would not be hungry right now. (Jika aku mempersiapkan makanan beberapa jam yang lalu, aku tidak akan lapar sekarang) Fact: I did not prepare some foods several hours ago so 1 am hungry right now. (Aku tidak mempersiapkan makanan beberapa jam yang lalu, jadi aku lapar sekarang).



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Jika terdapat penggunaan were, had (past perfect), dan should terkadang terdapat penghilangan if. Contoh: Were I you, I would attend the state university entrance test. Were I you = if I were you



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Terdapat pola suatu kalimat yang mengindikasikan suatu kalimat pengandaian (conditional sentence) Contoh: I would have come to your party, but I had to go to my sister’s wedding party. (Kalau aku tidak harus pergi ke pesta pernikahan kakakku aku pasti akan datang ke pestamu).



oal Conditional Sentence Pilihan Ganda 1. If you got a bunch of money, … it on stupid things?  



would you spend would you have spent



2. If the student had got enough sleep, she … difficulties in reading the material.  



wouldn’t have faced wouldn’t has faced



3. If I … you, I would look for my passion to find a new career.  



was were



4. When he … to sleep, he never counts sheep leaping over fences.



 



goes will go



5. If I advise her about travelling by plane with children, … to me?  



will she listen she will listen



6. It would be fun if the button to lower volume on my PC … properly.  



could worked could work



7. … good quality cookware, we mightn’t have needed to get rid of burnt taste in this food.  



We had used Had we used



8. Your calls … if you had replied her text message fast.  



wouldn’t have ignored wouldn’t have been ignored



9. Unless it rains, I … clothes in the sun instead of using the dryer. 



would dry







will dry



10. Your sister … to you if you don’t stop yelling at her.  



won’t be nice wouldn’t be nice



11. If adults … a single espresso, it can slow the flow of blood to their heart. 



drink







will drink



12. … I tall, I would consider joining the army.  



If were Were



Jawaban 1. would you spend 2. wouldn’t have faced 3. were



4. goes | zero conditional berupa habitual activity (kebiasaan) 5. will she listen 6. could work 7. Had we used 8. wouldn’t have been ignored 9. will dry 10. won’t be nice 11. drink | zero conditional berupa scientific fact 12. Were | Inverted conditional sentence type 2: “if” dihilangkan dan subject dan verb pada ifclause ditukar posisinya.



Subjunctive adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk mengungkapkan kebutuhan, saran, harapan, atau pengandaian yang berbeda dengan kenyataan. Kata kerja ini terbagi menjadi presentdan past subjunctive dimana memiliki aturan penggunaan berbeda. Subjunctive merupakan satu dari tiga verb moods (ada pula imperative dan indicative). Padamodern English, bentuk kata kerja ini hanya terdapat pada bagian dependent clause, bukan main clause.



Aturan Penggunaan Subjunctive Aturan



Contoh Verb



Normal



Subjunctive



reads



read



goes



go



is



be



are



be



walked



walked



ate



ate



was



were



were



were



Present Kecuali untuk verb be, present subjunctive menggunakanbare infinitive [kata kerja bentuk sederhana tanpa penambahan -s atau -es meskipun subjek yang digunakan merupakan orang ketiga tunggal (the man, Ana, mother) maupunpronoun (I, she, he, it)]. Verb be (is/are) yang digunakan pada present indicative/normal, digantikan oleh “be”. Past



Kecuali untuk verb be, past subjunctive sama seperti past indicative/normal. Verb be baik was maupunwere menggunakan “were”.



Conditional Auxiliary Verbs vs. Subjunctive



Karena penggunaannya yang rawan kesalahan,subjunctive jarang digunakan di dalam bahasa inggris. Modal auxiliary verbs lebih disukai untuk digunakan. Adapun untuk menghasilkan makna pengandaian unreal condition (kenyataan berbeda dengan harapan), conditional auxilliary verbs (could, should, would) dapat digunakan menggantikan subjunctive. Contohnya sebagai berikut.



Contoh Kalimat Subjunctive vs Modal Auxiliary Verb:  



I wish the teacher were nice to me. (Subjunctive) I wish the teacher could be nice to me. (Auxiliary Verb)



Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Present dan Past Subjunctive



Secara umum, subjunctive digunakan pada dependent clause di dalam suatu complex sentence. Berikut rincian kondisi serta contoh kalimatnya. Fungsi Subjunctive



Contoh Kalimat Subjunctive I recommend that you take a cooking class. (Saya merekomedasikan kamu mengambil kelas memasak.)



Present subjunctive berada pada dependent clause dimana bagian independent clause-nya menggunakan verb: ask, command, demand, determine, insist, order, propose, recommend, regret, request, require, suggest, untuk mengekspresikan requirement (kebutuhan) atau suggestion (saran).



The doctor suggested that white rice bereplaced with brown rice. (Dokter menyarankan beras putih diganti dengan beras merah.) It is desirable that they be on time. (Diharapkan mereka datang tepat waktu.)



Present subjunctive berada pada dependent clause dimana bagian independent clause-nya menggunakan adjective yang mengekspresikan urgency/requirement: crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, necessary, urgent, vital



Past subjunctive berada pada dependent clause dimana independent clauseberupa conditional sentence yang kenyataannya berbeda pengandaian (present unreal events: conditional type 2dengan simple past, past unreal events:conditional type 3 dengan past perfect)



It is necessary that she prepare for the next exam. (Perlu untuk dia mempersiapkan ujian selanjutnya.) If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity. (Jika saya miliuner, saya akan mendonasikan uang untuk amal.) I wouldn’t be



panic if I were you. (Saya tidak akan panik jika jadi kamu.) I wish he were here to repair my computer. (Saya harap dia disini memperbaiki komputer.)



Past subjunctive mengikuti kata wish.



Everybody wishes that Sarah were able to control her emotion. (Setiap orang berharap Sarah dapat mengontrol emosinya.) Robi acts as though he were a king. (Robi berlaku seakan-akan dia raja.)



Past subjunctive mengikuti kata as if dan as though.



Soal Subjunctive Mood Pilihan Ganda 1. It is imperative that everybody … quiet in the library.  



be is



Siti eats much as if she had not eaten for a month. (Siti makan banyak seakanakan dia sudah tidak makan sebulan.)



2. We wish that we … another choice.  



had have



3. I wish he … my best friend.  



were was



4. He insisted that I … a gift from him. 



receive







received



5. If I … a doctor, I would never diagnose heart failure by symptoms alone.  



was were



6. Raissa acted as if she … Lady Macbeth.  



was were



7. It is important that a newcomer student … the instructions carefully. 



read







reads



8. My husband requested that tea … used instead of coffee.  



were be



9. She cried as though she … a million dollars. 



lose







lost



10. She would have helped you if you … asked her.  



have had



Jawaban 1. be | Present subjunctive ditempatkan pada subordinate clause yang main clause-nya menggunakan adjective yang menyatakan urgency/requirement. 2. had



3. were 4. receive | Present subjunctive ditempatkan pada subordinate clause yang main clause-nya menyatakan requirement/suggestion. 5. were | Past subjunctive digunakan pada conditional type 2. 6. were 7. read | Present subjunctive ditempatkan pada subordinate clause yang main clause-nya menggunakan adjective yang menyatakan urgency/requirement. 8. be | Present subjunctive ditempatkan pada subordinate clause yang main clause-nya menyatakan requirement/suggestion. 9. lost 10. had | Past subjunctive digunakan pada conditional type 3.